1. Ulnar N lesion? High lesion? Median
nerve?
• Ulnar nerve lesion
» More distal (low lesion)- more clawing,
FDP
middle and ring finger still functioning.
» More proximal (high lesion)- less
clawing,
FDP not functioning
• Median nerve - benediction sign
Unable to make fist- cant flex 2nd and 3rd
finger. (Lesion at
wrist or elbow)
2. Thomas test to check what? How?
• Put our left hand at the back of patient
until the
spine lordosis obliterated, then flex right
hip
fully, then if there is fix flexion
deformity over
left side(contralateral side), left hip
will be in flex
position (need to measure the angle - from
bed.
so, kalau nak kira left hip flexion nanti
from ?
angle to ? Angle...cth 15 degree to 130 degree.
3. Compartment syndrome?
• Increase intracompartmental pressure -
bleeding
or swelling
• Decrease compartment space - thight
bandage
or dressing
• Symptoms 5 P
• Excruciating pain - very painful despite
adequate
analgesic, upon passive stretch test.
• Pallor
• Pulseless
• Paraesthesia
• Paralysis
4. Cauda equina syndrome? Causes
• Symptom - lowback pain, saddle
anaesthesia,
unable to control bladder/bowel
• Ddx :
» Prolapse intervetebral disc
» Trauma
» Epidural abcess
» Epidural Hematoma
» Tb spine
5. Posterior hip dislocation? Anterior?
Attitude of lower limb? Which
condition?
• Posterior hip dislocation
» dashboard injury
» Hip adduction
» Flexion hip
» Hip internal rotation
• Anterior hip dislocation
» extension hip
» external rotation
6. Union/ non union/ delayed union?
• Non Union - Fracture not unite unless
done
surgical intervention
• Delayed Union
• Failure to unite during expected time to
united
base on type and location fracture
7. Differential diagnosis Unilateral/
Bilateral lower limb swelling?
• Unilateral
» Deep Vein Thrombisis
» Hematoma
» Cellulitis
» Abcess
• Bilateral
» Chronic kidney disease - fluid overload
» Congestive cardiac failure
» Pelvic mas
8. What to access in per rectal
examination?
• Perianal sensation
• Anal tone/ Laxity
• Voluntery contraction
• Deep sensation
• Prostate- presence of sulci - firm
1.
Low back pain? Red flag to ask?
• Redflag
» Neurological deficit - sensation/ reduce
power/ urinary or bladder incontinence
» Fever?
» H/O trauma
» Unexplained weigh loss
10.DDH - ortolani/ barlow test Tx, palvic
harness
• Screening -
Barlow test(dislocate) - adduct push
outside
Ortolani (relocate- ) - abduct push inside
• Positive barlow - cannot bagi dislocate
hip,
bcoz hip already outside, then we do
ortolani
hip masuk, also when try dislocate it will
easily
dislocate back.
• Mx
1. Double diapers
2. Palvic Harness
11.Why we do dressing?
• Reduce Bacterial Load
• Prevent infection/contamination
• Provide good environtment for tissue
formation
12.Which case use VAC dressing?
• No expose bone/tendon
• Clean
• Non infected
13.Carpal tunnel syndrome - Tinnel test,
Phalen test
[Cari gambar atau video ya]
14.Knee examination- ant drawer/ post
drawer/ lachman test
[Tak tahu nak describe in word macam mana)
15.Galleazi fracture/ montagia fracture
• Galleazi - Fracture 1/3 distal part
radius w DRUJ
disruption
• Montagia - Fracture proximal 1/3 ulnar
with
radial head dislocation
Ingat MU - montagia, ulnar = upper
16.Garden classification neck femur
fracture
Type 1 - Incomplete #
Type 2 - Complete undisplace
Type 3 - Complete partially diaplace
Type 4 - Complete and fully displace
17.Shenton’s line?
• A line that continous from inferior
border of
superior pubic rami, to medial border of
neck of
femur.
• Loss of contour one of sign neck of femur
fracture.
Tapi ada je NOF but not cause loss
shenton’s line.
18.Open book fracture pelvic?
[Carilah ye gambar macam mana]
One of orthopaedic emergency, disruption
pelvic ring.
Pt can have a lot blood loss.
19.Application tourniquet? How much
pressure?
• Upper Limb - 100mmHg more than systolic
BP
• Lower Limb - 150mmgh more than systolic
BP
20.Parameter good wound healing?
» HB - Not anaemia
» TWC - Not high TWC
» Albumin - Not Hypoalbuminaemia
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